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Objective To explore the applicability of Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment mode and Romania risk assessment model in occupational health risk assessment. Methods We employed two risk assessment models to evaluate the risk of key positions in papermaking factories, electroplating factories, and chemical factories. Then we compared the results with occupational exposure limits, classification of occupational hazards and literature reports. Results The results of Singapore model showed that the total risk ratio was 0.40 ±0.16. The risk levels of papermaking factories, electroplating factories, and chemical factories were low-medium, negligible-low and low-very high, respectively. The risk ratio of three industries were 0.42±0.04, 0.31±0.10 and 0.62±0.15. The results of Romania model showed that the total risk ratio was 0.43 ±0.11. The risk levels of papermaking factories, electroplating factories, and chemical factories were respectively low-high, minimal-low and low-very high. The risk ratio of three industries was 0.46±0.13, 0.38±0.08 and 0.52±0.11, respectively. The risk levels of electroplating factories were higher than papermaking factories and chemical factories (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference between risk levels of papermaking factories and chemical factories (P>0.05) . There was significant difference between the occupational health risk levels assessed by the two models (P >0.05) . Conclusion These findings suggest that Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model and Romania risk assessment model both can be applied for the occupational health risk assessment of different workplaces, such as papermaking factories,electroplating factories, and chemical factories. The risk assessment results of the two methods are basically identical.
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Objective To explore the suitable risk assessment model for printing industry, we evaluated the risk of furniture industry using models provided by Singapore Ministry of Manpower (MOM) . Methods According to the occupational-disease-prevention laws and regulations, we improved the MOM and increased the risk assessment of physical agents. Then, we evaluate the risk of furniture industry using the improved MOM. Results The range of wood dust was 1.9-8.9mg/m3, and the percent of pass was 50%. The range of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was 0.24-0.36 mg/m3, <0.6mg/m3, 3.8-6.7mg/m3 and 6.1-16.1mg/m3 respectively, and their percent of pass was 100%. Furthermore, the noise intensity was 80.8 dB (A), which was under the occupational exposure limit. The risk level of wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene and noise was high, while the risk level of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene was moderate. Conclusion The improved semi-quantitative risk assessment was appropriate for furniture industry, but its applicability in industrial enterprise needs to be studied further.
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Objective To explore the characteristics and their influencing factors of economic burden for pneumoconiosis disease,and to provide a baseline to develop the prevention measures and to reduce the economic burden of pneumoconiosis. Methods The retrospective epidemiological method was used to investigate the general information of pneumoconiosis cases,frequency of outpatient and hospitalization per year,medical expenditure. Direct economic loss and its influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients were analyzed. Results A total of 421 pneumoconiosis cases were investigated. All subjects were male,including 306 inpatients. The average medical expenditures of outpatient and inpatient were 594. 53 ± 336. 23 and 32 266. 06 ± 28 130. 67 Yuan,respectively. The annual average expenditures of outpatient and inpatient were 2 907. 25 and 48 721. 75 Yuan,respectively. In terms of health care costs,the highest proportion of western medicine was 44. 08% ,followed by traditional Chinese medicine(12. 62% ). With an increase in pneumoconiosis stage,the annual frequency of outpatient and hospitalization,as well as total expenditure increased accordingly. The average annual cost of pneumoconiosis inpatient with complications and non - complication inpatient were 55 822. 20 and 23 532. 21 Yuan,respectively. The annual average cost of outpatient with complications and without complications were 4 236. 41 and 882. 31 Yuan, respectively. The expenditures for pneumoconiosis disease with complications among outpatient and inpatient were significantly higher than those of pneumoconiosis patients without complications(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Direct economic loss of pneumoconiosis disease is relatively high. The disease stage and complications of pneumoconiosis are the main factors influencing the direct economic loss of pneumoconiosis.
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Objective To analyze and evaluate the occupational hazards,engineering protection measures and risk levels in an oil terminal project.Methods Engineering analysis,occupational health survey,inspecting -testing and semi -qualitative semi-quantitative evaluation method (MES method)were used to analyze the production process,the type of occupational hazards,characteristics and concentrated/strong degrees and engineering protection measures of the project. Also,the occupational health risk and the effect of engineering protection were assessed.Results The main occupational hazards of this project were dust,solvent naphtha,benzene,toluene,xylene,hexane,non -methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,manganese and its inorganic compounds,hydrochloric acid,hydrogen sulfide,noise, high temperature,power frequency electric field,welding electric arc and so on.Approximately,16.67%of noise samples and 66.67% of high temperature samples exceeded the Chinese National Occupational Health Standards.Except for noise of the fuel pump shed and high temperature of 100000 tons pier and fuel tank,the occupational hazards of other jobs were in line with the national occupational health standards.In normal conditions,the occupational risk levels of all positions were 5 (slightly hazardous),while in special conditions,the occupational risk level of repair welders was 5 (slightly hazardous),of pier operators and tank farm operators were 1 (extremely dangerous),of sewage treatment workers,boiler room operators and electricians were 3 (significant risk ).Conclusion This project can take effective engineering protective measures to control occupational hazards and risk management of special conditions need to be strengthened.